Terapi Kelompok dengan Pendekatan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) untuk Mengurangi Insomnia

Zulkarnain Antu, Siti Urbayatun

Abstract


Data dari Kementrian Kesehatan menunjukkan apabila kelompok usia muda dan produktif di Indonesia rentan mengalami gangguan insomnia (Kemenkes, 2013). Kondisi ini tentu tidak dapat dibiarkan karena gangguan insomnia memiliki hubungan positif dengan berbagai masalah kesehatan mental yang lebih berat dan keberfungsian kognitif serta sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas terapi kelompok pendekatan CBT pada kelompok dewasa awal yang merupakan bagian dari kelompok usia produktif. Subjek penelitian merupakan 5 orang berusia dewasa awal yang menyatakan kesedian mengikuti seluruh prosedur penelitian dan mengalami gejala insomnia minimal 1 bulan sebelum intervensi dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan yang signifikan dalam pretest dibandingkan dengan posttest, taraf signifikansi p≤ 0,05 terpenuhi (Z=-2.023, P=0.43 ≤ 0.05). Hasil tersebut artinya terdapat pengaruh penerapan terapi kelompok pada insomnia. Skor tingkat insomnia sebelum terapi (M=19.00, SD=3.937) dengan skor tingkat insomnia setelah terapi (M=14.40, SD=2.073). Hasil penelitian ini mempertegas pentingnya bagi usia kelompok muda dan produktif untuk membiasakan diri untuk berpikir positif dan memiliki pola tidur yang adaptif. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi faktor protektif bagi kelompok usia muda dan produktif sehingga meminimalkan risiko mengalami gangguan insomnia.

Keywords


Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); Gangguan tidur; Insomnia; Terapi kelompok

Full Text:

PDF

References


Blom, K., Tarkian Tillgren, H., Wiklund, T., Danlycke, E., Forssén, M., Söderström, A., Johansson, R., Hesser, H., Jernelöv, S., Lindefors, N., Andersson, G., & Kaldo, V. (2015). Internet-vs. group-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.05.002

Bootzin, R. R., & Epstein, D. R. (2011). Understanding and treating insomnia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 435–458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091516

CDC. (2017). Data and statistics: Sleep disorder. Centers for disease control and prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data_statistics.html

Cunnington, D., Junge, M. F., & Fernando, A. T. (2013). Insomnia: Prevalence, consequences and effective treatment. Medical Journal of Australia, 199(S8). https://doi.org/10.5694/mja13.10718

Fernandez-Mendoza, J., & Vgontzas, A., N. (2013). Insomnia and its Impact on Physical and Mental Helath. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 15, 418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-013-0418-8

Ho, F. Y.-Y., Chung, K.-F., Yeung, W.-F., Ng, T. H., Kwan, K.-S., Yung, K.-P., & Cheng, S. K. (2015). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 19, 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.06.010

Hysing, M., Pallesen, S., Stormark, K. M., Lundervold, A. J., & Sivertsen, B. (2013). Sleep patterns and insomnia among adolescents: A population-based study. Journal of Sleep Research, 22(5), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12055

Iqbal, N. (2015). Hubungan Insomnia sebagai Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Sehat Kecamatan Pontianak Selatan. Jurnal Mahasiswa PSPD FK Universitas Tanjungpura. Vol. 3, No.1

Javaheri, S., & Redline, S. (2017). Insomnia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Chest. Volume 152, Issue 2, Pages 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.01.026.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2003). Pedoman penggolongan dan diagnosis gangguan jiwa di Indonesia (PPDGJ) (3rd ed.). Dirjen Pelayanan Medis RI.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Koffel, E. A., Koffel, J. B., & Gehrman, P. R. (2015). A meta-analysis of group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 19, 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.05.001

Lovato, N., Lack, L., Wright, H., & Kennaway, D. J. (2014). Evaluation of a brief treatment program of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in older adults. Sleep, 37(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3320

Lubis, N. L., & Othaman, M. H. (2012). The effects of cognitive behavorial therapy group and social support group on the self-esteem among breast cancer patients. Makara Kesehatan, 15(2), 65–72.

Melo, D. L. M., Carvalho, L. B. C., Prado, L. B. F., & Prado, G. F. (2019). Biofeedback therapies for chronic insomnia: A systematic review. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 44(4), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-019-09442-2

Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011). The insomnia severity index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep, 34(5), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.601

Norell-Clarke, A., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Tillfors, M., Holländare, F., & Engström, I. (2015). Group cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: Effects on sleep and depressive symptomatology in a sample with comorbidity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 74, 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.09.005

Ohayon, M. M. (2011). Epidemiological overview of sleep Disorders in the general population. Sleep Medicine Research, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2011.2.1.1

Parsons, C. E., Zachariae, R., Landberger, C., & Young, K. S. (2021). How does cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia work? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediators of change. Clinical Psychology Review, 86, 102027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102027

Sateia, M. J. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders-third edition. Chest, 146(5), 1387–1394. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0970

Sivertsen, B., Vedaa, Ø., Harvey, A. G., Glozier, N., Pallesen, S., Aarø, L. E., Lønning, K. J., & Hysing, M. (2019). Sleep patterns and insomnia in young adults: A national survey of Norwegian university students. Journal of Sleep Research, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12790

Utoyo, D., Jaya, E. S., Arjadi, R., Hanum, L., Astri, K., & Putri, M. D. D. (2013). Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of short sroup cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) on Indonesian older adults. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e57198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057198

Winkelman, J. W. (2015). Insomnia Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(15), 1437–1444. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1412740

Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2020). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (Sixth edition). Basic Books.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/aksara.9.2.1039-1048.2023

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Magister Pendidikan Nonformal Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Jl. Soedirman No. 06 Gorontalo 96128 e-mail: jurnalaksara@ung.ac.id
http://ejurnal.pps.ung.ac.id