POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH THE FAMILY HOPE PROGRAMME

This research aims to find out (1) the Implementation of the Family Hope Programme (PKH) in Poverty Alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya Sub-district, Gorontalo City (2) the Determinant Factors of PKH Success in Poverty Alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya Sub-district, Gorontalo City. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, while the data collection techniques used are interviews, field observations, and documentation. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the implementation process of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Poverty Alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya District, Gorontalo City, which consists of Planning, Determination of KPM PKH, Distribution of Assistance, Assistance, and Membership Transformation has been carried out well but there are still obstacles, namely frequent changes in regulations, and the end of PKH membership through the social assistance check application. (2) Determinants of Success in the Implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Poverty Alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya Subdistrict, Gorontalo City, namely Communication, Resources, Disposition / Attitude of Implementers and Bureaucratic Structure have been carried out well but on the part of the community, there is a lack of participation in attending group meetings and P2K2.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is one of the developing countries among many developing countries in the world. As one of the developing countries, Indonesia continues to make efforts in order to become a developed country, namely by carrying out development and development, one of which is in the economic field. Along with the development of technology that can facilitate obtaining information, it can help improve and develop the economy in Indonesia even though it is not yet optimal. Being able to become one of the developed countries is the goal of the Indonesian state which will continue to be fought for amid the challenges that hinder this movement (Yuni et al., 2020).
Poverty is a very complex problem, this is due to the inability for people to meet their needs for food, health, education, employment and others. In addition, poverty is also one of the inhibiting factors in the development process, both at the central and regional levels. Therefore, poverty alleviation has become the main programme of every government. As the main focus, the government makes various efforts to reduce the existing poverty rate. Interventions through policies are carried out in a variety of ways, both in the form of direct cash assistance, physical |109 E-ISSN 2746-4490 assistance in the form of goods, and community empowerment. The assistance provided is expected to improve the standard of living of the poor (Aneta, 2020) Poverty can be seen from the level of lack of resources that can be used to meet the needs of life and improve the welfare of a group of people. Politically, poverty can be seen from the level of access to power which has an understanding of the political system that can determine the ability of a group of people to reach and use resources. In social psychology, poverty can be seen from the level of lack of networks and social structures that support the opportunity to increase productivity. Health conditions for the poor are generally neither good nor bad, and many of them are illiterate and unemployed (Tohopi et al., 2022) One of the problems that need serious attention from the central and regional governments is poverty. Poverty is a complex problem, not only understood as economic inability (Ayllon & Fusco, 2017), but also as failure to fulfil human rights and differentiated treatment of a person or group of people in living a dignified life (Ensor et al, 2015) In general, human rights include the fulfilment of food, health, education, employment, housing, clean water, land, natural resources, and the environment, security from treatment or threats of violence, and the right to participate in everyday socio-political life, both for men and women (Rosman Ilato, 2022). Community empowerment is an effort to alleviate the poor to be independent, both economically, socially and in other aspects of life, so it requires a comprehensive and synergistic policy between the central government, local governments, the business world and the community in empowering the poor. The government in an effort to reduce poverty is through poverty alleviation programmes such as the enactment of social In Law No. 1 of 2018 concerning the Family Hope Programme (PKH) is a programme to provide conditional social assistance to families and / or a person who is poor and vulnerable, who is registered in the integrated data of the poor handling programme, processed by the social welfare data and information centre and determined as a PKH beneficiary family.
The Family Hope Programme has been in existence since 2007, providing Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) known as the Family Hope Programme (PKH) as one of the stages towards a social protection system. The Family Hope Programme (PKH) is not the same as previous cash transfers and is not a continuation of previous programmes that helped maintain |110 E-ISSN 2746-4490 the purchasing power of poor households when the government adjusted fuel prices. PKH is more intended as an effort to build a social protection system for the poor in order to improve the social welfare of the poor as well as an effort to break the chain of poverty that has occurred so far. PKH is a social assistance and protection programme included in cluster 1 of Indonesia's poverty reduction strategy. This programme is a conditional cash transfer related to education and health requirements (PKH Implementation Guidelines 2021).

Source: Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs 2022
Based on Table 1 above, it can be seen that prospective PKH participants must fulfil the criteria determined by the Ministry of Social Affairs. By using data on the poor from the results of data collection of poor households conducted by BPS, then the data is processed and selected by the centre to obtain prospective PKH participants.
The implementation of the PKH programme is the government's effort to determine a social policy programme to reduce poverty in Indonesia. This programme is designed to improve the ability of Very Poor Households (RTSM) to access basic needs in education and health.
According to Fidyatun (2011) The implementation of PKH also supports efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. The five components of the MDGs that will be helped by PKH are: 1) Reduction of poverty and hunger, 2) Primary Education, 3) Gender Equality, 4) Reduction of infant and under-five mortality, and 5) Reduction of maternal mortality.
The recap of integrated social welfare data (DTKS) is as follows: In the implementation of the PKH program in Talumolo Village, researchers also found problems that became obstacles in the government's efforts to optimize the reality of PKH, a very important problem was that the first PKH participant was expelled from the PKH program because of objections from other PKH participants but did not provide space to respond to objections made through social aid check applications and without field surveys from PKH implementers, PKH participants were also excluded from the PKH program, but judging from their condition, PKH participants were still eligible to receive PKH assistance. And another problem that generally often occurs is that there are families who are included in the prosperous category still receive PKH assistance. As research conducted by Djanawali et al., (2021) that the PKH assistance program has not been optimal because its utilization is not in accordance with the provisions and there are still inaccuracies in recipients who should have been included in the prosperous category and are not eligible to receive assistance. This happened because of the lack of communication between PKH participants and also the lack of field reviews conducted by PKH implementers to survey the condition of PKH participants who were excluded from the PKH program through the social aid check application. In addition, there are often changes in regulations that make PKH assistants have to re-educate about the changes in regulations, but in group meetings to re-educate the regulations, not all PKH participants attend, therefore some participants do not get or receive less information related to the changes in regulations. This happened due to the lack of community participation in attending group meetings held by PKH Facilitators, even though the aim was to provide information to PKH participants so that they could know about the changes to the regulations.
When viewed from the above problems related to the PKH program, there are problems in the implementation of the PKH program in Talumolo Village, considering that the PKH program is a form of government seriousness in optimising the reality of PKH and the positive implications of PKH must be proven empirically so that PKH development has real evidence that can be accounted for.
Based on the research context above, the researcher focuses on "the implementation of the Family Hope Programme (PKH) in poverty alleviation in Talumolo   The data analysis technique is a process of searching and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes, and documentation systematically by combining data into categories, breaking it down into units, synthesising, compiling it into patterns, choosing which ones are important and which ones will be studied, and making conclusions with the intention of being easily understood by oneself and others. Miles and Huberman (2018:246) found that activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively and take place continuously until completion so that the data is clear. Activities in data, namely: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.

Implementation of PKH Family Hope Programme in Poverty Alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya Sub-district, Gorontalo City
A programme or policy is a solution taken by the Government to overcome problems or phenomena that occur in a country or region. In the process of implementing a policy, it is not that easy, of course, there are also obstacles that will be encountered by implementers, both from policy implementers and members of the programme. The Family Hope Programme (PKH) for Education is implemented by the Central Government in this case (Ministry of Social Affairs) with the aim of changing the mindset of the community that the poor are also able to get an education so that they can break the cycle of poverty. The implementation of the mentoring process does not only focus on assisting individual KPM PKH who are constrained or in need of access to services but also through assistance to groups. Assistance to PKH KPM groups can be carried out by PKH social assistants through Group Meetings (PK) and Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) in accordance with the PKH 2021 implementation guidelines.
Based on the results of field observations made by researchers related to assistance, it shows that assistance has been carried out well, this can be seen from the assistance provided by PKH assistants as animators, namely assisting the community in taking care of the PKH program requirements files and accompanying KPM PKH during group meetings (PK) and P2K2 Family Capacity Building Meetings in this case PKH assistants educate, and motivate PKH participants to encourage their children to be diligent in school and also educate how to manage PKH participants' finances. And PKH assistants also assist in the distribution of PKH assistance which is channeled through PT. Pos, this has been done based on the 2021 PKH implementation guidelines.

E. Membership Transformation
Participation Transformation, Participation in receiving PKH assistance for six years, after which it is expected that there will be behavioural changes to KPM PKH in the fields of health, education, and social welfare and an increase in socio-economic status. Membership transformation is the process of terminating KPM PKH through recertification activities.
In recertification activities, KPM PKH is re-collected and evaluated for its socioeconomic status after KPM PKH has received PKH assistance for a certain period of time. In the fifth year before the end of the six-year PKH membership, KPM will be recertified. The results of the recertification will be used to determine the final status of PKH membership, namely graduation or transition.

Based on the results of field observations made by researchers related to Membership
Transformation activities in KPM PKH recertification activities, namely recollection and evaluation of socio-economic status after KPM PKH has received PKH assistance for a certain period of time. In the fifth year before the end of the six-year PKH membership, KPM will be recertified. The results of the recertification will be used to determine the final status of PKH

Factors that Determine the Successful Implementation of the Family Hope Programme (PKH) in Poverty Alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya Subdistrict, Gorontalo City
The term policy is commonly used in relation to or government activities, as well as the goes well so that every policy decision and implementation regulation must be communicated to the right personnel. Communication is needed so that decision-makers and implementers will be more consistent in implementing every policy that will be implemented in the community.
Based on the results of observations regarding communication, it shows that the communication of the PKH Programme Implementation in the form of coordination between the PKH facilitators, the village government and KPM PKH has been carried out well, this will make the PKH Programme run well. In realising PKH Policy Implementation, it is required that implementers know what to do. The order to implement the policy is conveyed clearly, easy to understand and responded well by KPM PKH.

B. Resources
Successful policy implementation requires that implementers understand what to do.
Every policy goal and objective must be socialised to the target group so that it will reduce implementation distortions. On the other hand, the success of policy implementation must be supported by resources in the form of human resources that have implementor competence and financial resources. Human resources must have character and characteristics, such as commitment, honesty, democratic nature, and others. If the implementor has good character and characteristics, he will be able to carry out the policy well as desired by the policymaker. In addition to this, the success of policy implementation must be supported by a good bureaucratic structure (Arifin Tahir, 2011 understood. In addition, as seen from observations related to the attitude of the implementers, the PKH Programme Implementation process is an important element that must be present in the PKH Facilitators. If the PKH Facilitators have a good attitude, are responsible and always position themselves as policy implementers, then KPM PKH assesses very well.

D. Bureaucratic Structure
According to Edward III (in Rupu & Isa, 2021), the bureaucratic structure shows that the bureaucratic structure is important in policy implementation. This aspect of bureaucratic structure includes two important things, namely the mechanism and organisational structure of the implementer itself. The programme implementation mechanism is usually already established through Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and is easily understood by those included in the programme/policy guideline. As stated by George C. Edward III in Agustino (2008); (Rupu & Isa, 2021). SOP is a routine activity that allows employees or policy implementers to carry out their activities every day in accordance with predetermined standards.
Based on the results of the research, the bureaucratic structure of the PKH programme implementation, namely PKH Facilitators, PKH Sub-district Coordinators, Social Services, Health Services, Education Services, Village officials, and the community have been carried out according to their duties and functions. The bureaucratic structure has been carried out in accordance with what has been determined by the central government. In addition, a clear bureaucratic structure can also determine the success of this PKH policy. Seen from the side of support in the PKH policy implementation process where the Kelurahan Government, the subdistrict, and the facilitators always carry out good cooperation for the success of this PKH programme.

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation process of the Family Hope Programme (PKH) in poverty alleviation poverty in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya District, Gorontalo City. It has been implemented in accordance with the rules contained in the Minister of Social Affairs regulation No. 1 of 2018 concerning the PKH 2021 Family Hope Programme. For the distribution process, it has gone well, but the planning process and membership transformation still need to be addressed and considered, namely in the planning process there are often changes in regulations, for membership transformation, namely PKH participants who are excluded from the PKH programme due to objections from other PKH participants made through the social assistance check application.

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E-ISSN 2746-4490 As for the results of field research on sub-focuses related to the Determinants of Successful Implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in poverty alleviation in Talumolo Village, Dumbo Raya Sub-district, Gorontalo City, seen from the aspects of communication, resources, attitudes of implementers, and bureaucratic structures, for the attitude of implementers is done as well as possible so as to provide space for PKH participants to obtain information. But it needs to be developed again from the resource factor, namely the community needs to participate again in attending group meetings and P2K2.